- \n
- Debian 9 minimal installation on a bare-metal machine or on a virtual private server<\/li>\n
- sudo root privileges for a local or remote account or direct access to root account<\/li>\n
- A static IP address configured for one of your system network interfaces cards<\/li>\n
- A domain name, private or public, depending on your deployment, with the proper DNS records configured for web services. If don\u2019t have a valid or a registered domain name you can perform the installation and access the website via your server IP address<\/li>\n
- If you want to use website registration, comment moderation and other features, you should have a running mail server properly configured at your premises with remote access to its IMAP and SMTP services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Prepare the server<\/h2>\n
Before starting to install and configure Typo from sources in your own server, first assure the system meets all the software requirements for compiling and installing the application.\u00a0 On the first step, update your system repositories and software packages by issuing the following command.<\/p>\n
apt update<\/p>\n
apt upgrade<\/p>\n
After the system has been fully updated, setup the name for your system by executing the following command. Replace your hostname variable accordingly.<\/p>\n
Set the Hostname<\/h3>\n
hostnamectl set-hostname typo<\/p>\n
Verify machine hostname and hosts file by issuing the below commands.<\/p>\n
hostnamectl<\/p>\n
cat \/etc\/hostname<\/p>\n
hostname \u2013s<\/p>\n
hostname \u2013f<\/p>\n
Finally, reboot Debian server in order to apply kernel updates and the hostname changes properly.<\/p>\n
systemctl reboot<\/p>\n
Install required Tools<\/h3>\n
On the next step, execute the following command in order to install some necessary utilities that will be used to further manage your system from command line.<\/p>\n
apt install wget bash-completion zip unzip<\/p>\n
Also, install the imagemagick software, required by Typo3 to create, edit, compose or convert bitmap or other types of images format uploaded to website.<\/p>\n
apt install imagemagick<\/p>\n
Typo3 is a web based CMS platform written mostly in PHP server-side programming language. In order to execute the PHP file scripts of the application, a web server, such as Apache HTTP server, and a PHP processing gateway must be installed and made operational in the system.<\/p>\n
Install Apache and PHP<\/h2>\n
In order to install Apache web server and the PHP interpreter alongside with all required PHP modules needed by the application to run properly, issue the following command in your server console.<\/p>\n
apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0 php7.0-zip php7.0-gd php7.0-xml php7.0-gd php7.0-json php7.0-opcache php-imagick\u00a0 php7.0-curl php7.0-mbstring php7.0-bcmath php7.0-gmp<\/p>\n
After Apache and PHP has been installed, test if the web server is up and running and listening for network connections on port 80 by issuing the following command with root privileges.<\/p>\n
netstat \u2013tlpn<\/p>\n
In case netstat network utility is not installed by default in your Debian system, execute the following command to install it.<\/p>\n
apt install net-tools<\/p>\n
By inspecting the netstat command output you can see that apache web server is listening for incoming network connections on port 80. For the same task you can also use the ss<\/strong> command, which is automatically installed by default in Debian 9.<\/p>\n
ss- tulpn<\/p>\n
Configure the Firewall<\/h2>\n
In case you have a firewall enabled in your system, such as UFW firewall application, you should add a new rule to allow HTTP traffic to pass through the firewall by issuing the following command.<\/p>\n
ufw allow WWW<\/p>\n
or<\/p>\n
ufw allow 80\/tcp<\/p>\n
If you\u2019re using iptables<\/strong> raw rules to manage Firewall rules in your Debian server, add the following rule to allow port 80 inbound traffic on the firewall so that visitors can browse the website.<\/p>\n
apt-get install -y iptables-persistent<\/p>\n
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –destination-port 80 -j ACCEPT<\/p>\n
systemctl iptables-persistent save<\/p>\n
systemctl iptables-persistent reload<\/p>\n
Configure Apache<\/h2>\n
Next, enable and apply the following Apache modules required by the web application to run properly, by issuing the following command.<\/p>\n
a2enmod rewrite deflate headers<\/p>\n
systemctl restart apache2<\/p>\n
Finally, test if Apache web server default web page can be displayed in your client’s browsers by visiting your Debian machine IP address or your domain name or server FQDN via HTTP protocol, as shown in the below image. If you don\u2019t know your machine IP address, execute ifconfig<\/strong> or ip a<\/strong> commands to reveal the IP address of your server.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/your_domain.tld<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
\u00a0
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nIn order to install and access Typo3 web admin panel backed and the frontend website via HTTPS protocol that will secure the traffic for your clients, issue the following command to enable Apache web server SSL module and SSL site configuration file.<\/p>\n
a2enmod ssl<\/p>\n
a2ensite default-ssl.conf<\/p>\n
Next, open Apache default SSL site configuration file with a text editor and enable URL rewrite rules by adding the following lines of code after DocumentRoot<\/em><\/strong> directive, as shown in the following sample:<\/p>\n
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/default-ssl.conf<\/em><\/p>\n
SSL site configuration file excerpt:<\/p>\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/html>
Also, make the following change to VirtualHost line to look like shown in the below excerpt:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <VirtualHost *:443><\/em><\/strong><\/pre>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-1.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\nClose the SSL Apache file and open the \/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/000-default.conf<\/strong> file for editing and add the same URL rewrite rules as for SSL configuration file. Insert the lines of code after DocumentRoot<\/strong> statement as shown in the following example.<\/p>\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/html>
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-2.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\nFinally, restart Apache daemon to apply all rules configured so far and visit your domain via HTTP protocol. Because you\u2019re using the automatically Self-Signed certificates pairs issued by Apache at installation, an error warning should be displayed in the browser.<\/p>\n
systemctl restart apache2<\/p>\n
https:\/\/yourdomain.tld<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-3.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nAccept the warning in order to use the untrusted certificate and to continue and be redirected to Apache default web page, as illustrated in the following image.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-4.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nIn case the UFW firewall application blocks incoming network connections to HTTPS port, you should add a new rule to allow HTTPS traffic to pass through the firewall by issuing the following command.<\/p>\n
ufw allow ‘WWW Full’<\/p>\n
or<\/p>\n
ufw allow 443\/tcp<\/p>\n
If iptables<\/em> is the default firewall application installed to protect your Debian system at the network level, add the following rule to allow port 443 inbound traffic in the firewall so that visitors can browse your domain name.<\/p>\n
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –destination-port 443 -j ACCEPT<\/p>\n
systemctl iptables-persistent save<\/p>\n
systemctl iptables-persistent reload<\/p>\n
Configure PHP<\/h2>\n
In the next step, we need to make some further changes to the PHP default configuration file in order to assure that the following PHP variables are enabled and the PHP timezone<\/strong> setting is correctly configured and matches your system geographical location.\u00a0 Open the \/etc\/php\/7.0\/apache2\/php.ini<\/strong> file for editing and assure that the following lines are setup as follows. Also, initially, make a backup of PHP configuration file.<\/p>\n
cp \/etc\/php\/7.0\/apache2\/php.ini{,.backup}<\/p>\n
nano \/etc\/php\/7.0\/apache2\/php.ini<\/p>\n
file_uploads = On
Increase upload_max_file_size<\/strong> variable as suitable to support large file attachments and replace the time.zone<\/em><\/strong> variable accordingly to your physical time by consulting the list of time zones provided by PHP docs at the following link http:\/\/php.net\/manual\/en\/timezones.php<\/a><\/p>\n
If you want to increase the load speed of your website pages via the OPCache plugin available for PHP7, append the following OPCache settings at the bottom of the PHP interpreter configuration file, as detailed below:<\/p>\n
opcache.enable=1
Close the php.ini configuration file and check if the verify the end of PHP configuration file to check if the variables had been correctly added by issuing the below command.<\/p>\n
tail \/etc\/php\/7.0\/apache2\/php.ini<\/p>\n
After you\u2019ve made all changes explained above, enable OPCache module and restart apache daemon to apply the new changes by issuing the following commands.<\/p>\n
phpenmod opcache<\/p>\n
systemctl restart apache2<\/p>\n
echo ‘<?php phpinfo(); ?>’| tee \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/p>\n
https:\/\/domain.tld\/info.php<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-5.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nInstall MariaDB<\/h2>\n
Typo3 CMS platform stores different configurations, such as users, sessions, contacts, articles, pages and other settings, in a relational database.\u00a0 In this guide, we\u2019ll configure Typo3 to use MariaDB database as backend. Issue the below command to install MariaDB database and the PHP module needed to access the mysql database.<\/p>\n
apt install mariadb-server php7.0-mysql mariadb-client<\/p>\n
After you\u2019ve installed MariaDB, verify if the daemon is running and listens for connections on localhost, port 3306, by running netstat<\/strong> command.<\/p>\n
netstat \u2013tlpn | grep mysql<\/p>\n
mysql -h localhost<\/p>\n
use mysql;
sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/em><\/p>\n
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!\u00a0 PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!<\/p>
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current<\/p>
password for the root user.\u00a0 If you've just installed MariaDB, and<\/p>
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,<\/p>
so you should just press enter here.<\/p>
Enter current password for root (enter for none):<\/p>
OK, successfully used password, moving on...<\/p>
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB<\/p>
root user without the proper authorisation.<\/p>
You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.<\/p>
Change the root password? [Y\/n] y<\/p>
New password:<\/p>
Re-enter new password:<\/p>
Password updated successfully!<\/p>
Reloading privilege tables..<\/p>
\u00a0... Success!<\/p>
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone<\/p>
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for<\/p>
them.\u00a0 This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation<\/p>
go a bit smoother.\u00a0 You should remove them before moving into a<\/p>
production environment.<\/p>
Remove anonymous users? [Y\/n] y<\/p>
\u00a0... Success!<\/p>
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.\u00a0 This<\/p>
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.<\/p>
Disallow root login remotely? [Y\/n] y<\/p>
\u00a0... Success!<\/p>
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can<\/p>
access.\u00a0 This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed<\/p>
before moving into a production environment.<\/p>
Remove test database and access to it? [Y\/n] y<\/p>
\u00a0- Dropping test database...<\/p>
\u00a0... Success!<\/p>
\u00a0- Removing privileges on test database...<\/p>
\u00a0... Success!<\/p>
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far<\/p>
will take effect immediately.<\/p>
Reload privilege tables now? [Y\/n] y<\/p>
\u00a0... Success!<\/p>
Cleaning up...<\/p>
All done!\u00a0 If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB<\/p>
installation should now be secure.<\/p>
Thanks for using MariaDB!<\/p><\/pre>\n
[email\u00a0protected]<\/a>:~# mysql -h localhost -u root<\/p>\n
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)<\/em><\/pre>\n
[email\u00a0protected]<\/a>:~# mysql -h localhost -u root -p<\/p>\n
Enter password:
<\/strong><\/p>\nmysql \u2013u root -p<\/p>\n
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.\u00a0 Commands end with ; or \\g.
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.<\/p>
Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.<\/p>
MariaDB [(none)]><\/p><\/em> create database typo;
systemctl restart mysql apache2<\/p>\n
systemctl status mysql apache2<\/p>\n
Install Typo3<\/h2>\n
After all system requirements are met to install Typo3 platform, visit Typo3 CMS official download page at https:\/\/typo3.org\/download\/<\/a> and grab the latest zip package compressed archive with the help of wget utility, by issuing the following command.<\/p>\n
wget –content-disposition https:\/\/get.typo3.org\/current\/zip
<\/strong><\/p>\nAfter the zip archive download finishes, extract Typo3 zip compressed archive to your current working directory and list the extracted files by issuing the following commands.<\/p>\n
unzip typo3_src-8.7.8.zip<\/p>\n
ls -al typo3_src-8.7.8<\/p>\n
rm \/var\/www\/html\/index.html<\/p>\n
rm \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/p>\n
cp -rf typo3_src-8.7.8\/* \/var\/www\/html\/<\/p>\n
touch \/var\/www\/html\/FIRST_INSTALL<\/p>\n
chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html\/<\/p>\n
ls \u2013al \/var\/www\/html\/<\/p>\n
![\"Typo3](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-6.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nNext, proceed with Typo3 CMS installation process by opening a browser and navigate your server\u2019s IP address or domain name or server FQDN via HTTPS protocol. On the first installation screen, the Typo3 installer will check your system environment in order to determine if all requirements for installing the application are met, as shown in the below image. If all requirements are met, click on System looks good. Continue!<\/strong> button in order to start the installation process.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/yourdomain.tld<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
![\"Typo3](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-7.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nIn the next installation screen, select manually configured MySQL TCP\/IP connection and add MySQL database address, name and credentials created earlier for Typo3 CMS database. Use 127.0.0.1 address for MySQL Host and leave the port number to default (3306), as illustrated in the below image. When you finish, hit on Continue button to move to the next installation step.<\/p>\n
![\"Configure](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-8.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nIn the next step, choose ‘Use an existing empty database’<\/em> option, select the database name created earlier for Typo3 and hit on Continue button to proceed further with the installation process.<\/p>\n
![\"Choose](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-9.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nAfter the database schema has been imported, create an admin user for Typo3 CMS and write a strong password for admin account. Also, add a name for the Typo3 website, as illustrated in the below image, and hit on Continue button to complete the installation process.<\/p>\n
![\"Set](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-10.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nAfter the installation completes, the installer will ask you whether you want a pre-configured site. Choose Yes, download the list of distributions<\/em> and hit on Open the TYPO3 Backend<\/em> button to be redirected to website dashboard panel.<\/p>\n
![\"Use](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-11.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nYou can also visit the Typo3 admin web panel by navigating to your server IP address or domain name via HTTPS protocol to \/typo3\/index.php<\/strong> URL. Log in to Typo3 dashboard with the admin account credentials configured during the installation process, as illustrated in the below image.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/yourdomain.tld\/typo3\/index.php<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
![\"Typo3](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-12.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nAfter logging in to Typo3 admin dashboard, select and install a pre-configured distribution package from the displayed list. In this guide we\u2019ll install and use the<\/em> official introduction package<\/em> distribution offered by Typo3 in order to create page structure and content elements easily.<\/p>\n
![\"Typo3](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-13.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nFinally, to force visitors to browse Typo3 frontend website and to securely access the backend interface via HTTPS protocol, that encrypts the traffic between the server and client browsers, return to your server\u2019s terminal and edit the .htaccess file located in your website path.<\/p>\n
First, create the .htaccess file based on the sample file provided by the Typo3, by executing the below command.<\/p>\n
cp \/var\/www\/html\/_.htaccess \/var\/www\/html\/.htaccess<\/p>\n
Then, open and edit the .htaccess file and at the bottom of the file modify the native PHP settings with the below configurations. You can change PHP settings to match your own server resources.<\/p>\n
nano \/var\/www\/html\/.htaccess<\/p>\n
\u00a0.htaccess<\/strong> file excerpt:<\/p>\n
# Modify PHP settings
# Redirect to HTTPS
Also, create a new .htaccess file in typo3<\/em> directory located in domain webroot path in order to automatically redirect admin dashboard sessions to HTTPS.<\/p>\n
nano \/var\/www\/html\/typo3\/.htaccess<\/p>\n
.htaccess <\/strong>file excerpt:<\/p>\n
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
Finally, visit the default Typo3 website frontend page by navigating to your server IP address or domain name via HTTPS protocol, as illustrated in the following screenshot.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.yourdomain.tld<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
![\"Typo3](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-typo3-cms-on-debian-9-14.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nThat\u2019s all! You have successfully installed and configured Typo3 CMS web platform in Debian 9. However, because Apache HTTP server uses an untrusted Self-Signed certificate to encrypt the traffic between the server and visitor\u2019s browsers, a warning message will always be generated and displayed in their browsers. This warning is bad for clients who visit your website frontend page. In this case you should buy a certificate issued by a trusted Certificate Authority or get a free certificate pair from Let\u2019s Encrypt CA.<\/p>\n
For other custom configurations regarding Typo3 CMS web application, visit the documentation page at the following address: https:\/\/docs.typo3.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n
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<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In this guide, we\u2019ll learn how to install and configure the latest version of Typo3 CMS in Debian 9. Typo3 is a powerful open source content management system with most parts written in PHP programming language. It is often deployed in Linux under Apache\/Nginx web servers, PHP server-side programming language and MySQL\/MariaDB database management system, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-36"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6968"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6968\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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<\/a><\/p>\n