- \n
- 3 Ubuntu Servers<\/li>\n
- \n
- 10.0.15.10\u00a0 k8s-master<\/li>\n
- 10.0.15.21\u00a0 worker01<\/li>\n
- 10.0.15.22\u00a0 worker02<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- Root privileges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
What we will do<\/h2>\n
- \n
- Kubeadm Installation<\/li>\n
- \n
- Setup Hosts<\/li>\n
- Install Docker<\/li>\n
- Disable SWAP<\/li>\n
- Install Kubeadm Packages<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- Kubernetes Cluster Initialization<\/li>\n
- Adding Worker Nodes to the Kubernetes Cluster<\/li>\n
- Testing<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Step 1 – Kubeadm Installation<\/h2>\n
In this first step, we will prepare those 3 servers for Kubernetes installation, so run all commands on the master and worker nodes.<\/p>\n
We will prepare all servers for Kubernetes installation by changing the existing configuration on servers, and also installing some packages, including docker and kubernetes itself.<\/p>\n
Setup Hosts<\/h3>\n
Edit hosts file on all server using the\u00a0vim<\/a> editor.<\/p>\n
sudo vim \/etc\/hosts<\/p>\n
Paste hosts configuration below.<\/p>\n
10.0.15.10 k8s-master \n10.0.15.21 worker01 \n10.0.15.22 worker02<\/pre>\n
Save and exit.<\/p>\n
Now test ping all servers hostname.<\/p>\n
ping -c 3 k8s-master
ping -c 3 worker01
ping -c 3 worker02<\/p>\nMake sure all IP address get resolved as a hostname.<\/p>\n
![\"Install](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nInstall Docker<\/h3>\n
In this tutorial, we will install Docker from the Ubuntu repository.<\/p>\n
Install Docker using the apt command below.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install docker.io -y<\/p>\n
After the installation is complete, start the docker service and enable it to launch everytime at system boot.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker<\/p>\nDocker installation has been completed.<\/p>\n
![\"Install](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-1.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nDisable SWAP<\/h3>\n
In order to set up the Kubernetes Linux servers, we need to disable the SWAP.<\/p>\n
Check the swap list and disable it.<\/p>\n
sudo swapon -s
sudo swapoff -a<\/p>\nTo disable the SWAP permanently, we need to edit the ‘\/etc\/fstab’ file.<\/p>\n
sudo vim \/etc\/fstab<\/p>\n
Make a comment on the SWAP partition type.<\/p>\n
#\/dev\/mapper\/hakase--labs--vg-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0<\/pre>\n
![\"Disable](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-2.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nSave and exit, then reboot the system.<\/p>\n
sudo reboot<\/p>\n
Install Kubeadm Packages<\/h3>\n
In this tutorial, we will be using Kubeadm packages to set up the Kubernetes Cluster. We will install the Kubeadm packages from the official Kubernetes repository.<\/p>\n
Install apt-transport-https.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https<\/p>\n
Add the Kubernetes Key.<\/p>\n
curl -s https:\/\/packages.cloud.google.com\/apt\/doc\/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add –<\/p>\n
And add the Kubernetes Repository by creating a new repo.list file on the ‘\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d’ directory.<\/p>\n
cd \/etc\/apt\/
sudo vim sources.list.d\/kubernetes.list<\/p>\npaste kubernetes repository below.<\/p>\n
deb http:\/\/apt.kubernetes.io\/ kubernetes-xenial main<\/p>\n
Note:<\/p>\n
We’re still using the Xenial Ubuntu 16.04 repository for our Kubeadm Installation.<\/p>\n
Now update the repository and install kubeadm packages using apt commands below.<\/p>\n
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl<\/p>\nWait for kubeadm packages installations.<\/p>\n
![\"Install](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-3.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nStep 2 – Kubernetes Cluster Initialization<\/h2>\n
In this step, we will initialize Kubernetes on the ‘k8s-master’ node. Run all commands in this stage only on the ‘k8s-master’ server.<\/p>\n
Initialize the Kubernetes cluster using the kubeadm command below.<\/p>\n
sudo kubeadm init –pod-network-cidr=10.244.10.0\/16 –apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.15.10 –kubernetes-version “1.11.0”<\/p>\n
Note:<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- –apiserver-advertise-address<\/em> = determines which IP address Kubernetes should advertise its API server on.<\/li>\n
- –pod-network-cidr<\/em> = specify the range of IP addresses for the pod network. We’re using the ‘flannel’ virtual network. If you want to use another pod network such as weave-net or calico, change the range IP address.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
When the Kubernetes initialization is complete, you will get the result as shown below.<\/p>\n
![\"Initialize](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-4.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nCopy the ‘kubeadm join … … …<\/strong>‘ command to your text editor. The command will be used to register new worker nodes to the kubernetes cluster.<\/p>\n
Now in order to use Kubernetes, we need to run some commands as shown in the result.<\/p>\n
Create new ‘.kube’ configuration directory and copy the configuration ‘admin.conf’ from ‘\/etc\/kubernetes’ directory.<\/p>\n
mkdir -p $HOME\/.kube
sudo cp -i \/etc\/kubernetes\/admin.conf $HOME\/.kube\/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME\/.kube\/config<\/p>\nNext, deploy the flannel network to the kubernetes cluster using the kubectl command.<\/p>\n
kubectl apply -f https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/coreos\/flannel\/master\/Documentation\/kube-flannel.yml<\/p>\n
The flannel network has been deployed to the Kubernetes cluster.<\/p>\n
![\"Deploy](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-5.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nWait for a minute and then check kubernetes node and pods using commands below.<\/p>\n
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods –all-namespaces<\/p>\nAnd you will get the ‘k8s-master’ node is running as a ‘master’ cluster with status ‘ready’, and all ‘kube-system’ pods that are needed for the cluster is up and running.<\/p>\n
![\"get](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-6.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nKubernetes cluster master initialization and configuration has been completed.<\/p>\n
Step 3 – Adding Worker Nodes to the Kubernetes Cluster<\/h2>\n
In this step, we will add two node workers ‘worker01’ and ‘worker02’ to the Kubernetes Cluster.<\/p>\n
Connect to the ‘worker01’ server and run the kubeadm join command that you get from the cluster initialization<\/span>.<\/p>\n
kubeadm join 10.0.15.10:6443 –token daync8.5dcgj6c6xc7l8hay –discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:65a3e69531d323c335613dea1e498656236bba22e6cf3d5c54b21d744ef97dcd<\/p>\n
![\"Adding](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-7.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nConnect to the ‘worker02’ server and run the kubeadm join command that you get from the cluster intialization..<\/p>\n
kubeadm join 10.0.15.10:6443 –token daync8.5dcgj6c6xc7l8hay –discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:65a3e69531d323c335613dea1e498656236bba22e6cf3d5c54b21d744ef97dcd<\/p>\n
![\"Add](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-8.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nWait for some minutes and back to the ‘k8s-master’ node master and check node status.<\/p>\n
kubectl get nodes<\/p>\n
You will see those worker nodes ‘worker01’ and ‘worker02’ are part of the Kubernetes Cluster.<\/p>\n
![\"List](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-9.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nStep 4 – Testing<\/h2>\n
In this step, we will deploy the Nginx web server inside the cluster. We will deploy the Nginx web server using the YAML template.<\/p>\n
Create a new directory named ‘nginx’ and go to that directory.<\/p>\n
mkdir -p nginx\/
cd nginx\/<\/p>\nNow create the Nginx Deployment YAML file ‘nginx-deployment.yaml’ using the vim<\/a> editor.<\/p>\n
sudo vim nginx-deployment.yaml<\/p>\n
Paste configurations below.<\/p>\n
apiVersion: apps\/v1 \nkind: Deployment \nmetadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx \nspec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.14.0 ports: - containerPort: 80<\/pre>\n
Save and exit.<\/p>\n
Note:<\/p>\n
- \n
- We’re creating a new ‘Deployment’ named ‘nginx-deployment’.<\/li>\n
- Setup the app label as ‘nginx’ with ‘3’ replicas.<\/li>\n
- The ‘nginx-deployment’ will have containers named ‘nginx’, based on ‘nginx:1.14.0’ docker image, and will expose the default HTTP port 80.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Now create the deployment by running the kubectl command below.<\/p>\n
kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml<\/p>\n
After creating a new ‘nginx-deployment’, check the deployments list inside the cluster.<\/p>\n
kubectl get deployments
kubectl describe deployment nginx-deployment<\/p>\n![\"Test](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-10.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nNow check Kubernetes Pods and you will see the ‘nginx-deployment-xxx’ pod, check details of the pod.<\/p>\n
kubectl get pods
kubectl describe pods nginx-deployment-6cb5f7bf4f-t5xfh<\/p>\nYou will get nginx-deployment pods with 3 replicas on the worker nodes.<\/p>\n
![\"Get](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-11.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nNext, we need to create a new service for our ‘nginx-deployment’.<\/p>\n
Create a new YAML file named ‘nginx-service.yaml’.<\/p>\n
vim nginx-service.yaml<\/p>\n
Paste the configuration below.<\/p>\n
apiVersion: v1 \nkind: Service \nmetadata: name: nginx-service labels: run: nginx-service \nspec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 80 protocol: TCP selector: app: nginx<\/pre>\n
Save and exit.<\/p>\n
Note:<\/p>\n
- \n
- We’re creating a new kubernetes service named ‘nginx-service’.<\/li>\n
- Type of the service is ‘NodePort’ with the TargetPort HTTP default port 80.<\/li>\n
- The service belongs to the app named ‘nginx’ based on our deployment ‘nginx-deployment’.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Create the kubernetes service using the kubectl command below.<\/p>\n
kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml<\/p>\n
Now check all available services on the cluster and you will get the ‘nginx-service’ on the list, then check details of service.<\/p>\n
kubectl get service
kubectl describe service nginx-service<\/p>\n![\"Configure](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-12.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nAnd you will see the ‘nginx-service’ NodePort is running on port ‘32649’.<\/p>\n
Check using the curl command to all worker nodes.<\/p>\n
On the worker01.<\/p>\n
curl worker01:32649<\/p>\n
![\"Test](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-13.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nYou will see the Nginx default page.<\/p>\n
On the worker02.<\/p>\n
curl worker02:32649<\/p>\n
![\"Test](\"https:\/\/afaghhosting.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/how-to-install-and-configure-kubernetes-and-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-14.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nThe Kubernetes Cluster installation and configuration on Ubuntu 18.04 has been completed successfully.<\/p>\n
Reference<\/h2>\n
\nAbout Muhammad Arul<\/strong><\/p>\n
Muhammad Arul is a freelance system administrator and technical writer. He is working with Linux Environments for more than 5 years, an Open Source enthusiast and highly motivated on Linux installation and troubleshooting. Mostly working with RedHat\/CentOS Linux and Ubuntu\/Debian, Nginx and Apache web server, Proxmox, Zimbra Administration, and Website Optimization. Currently learning about OpenStack and Container Technology.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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- –pod-network-cidr<\/em> = specify the range of IP addresses for the pod network. We’re using the ‘flannel’ virtual network. If you want to use another pod network such as weave-net or calico, change the range IP address.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- –apiserver-advertise-address<\/em> = determines which IP address Kubernetes should advertise its API server on.<\/li>\n
- Kubeadm Installation<\/li>\n